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The market began the year on an up note, but reversed course in the summer, leading to a choppy year so far.聽It has been at the mercy of Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, who has remained steadfast in his dedication to lower the inflation rate to 2 percent.

As interest rates increased and the threat of more increases prevailed, the market tumbled. Conversely, when rates decreased, the market rallied. The ride has been volatile.

In the meantime, the economy continued to appear strong, yet聽threats of a recession held on in the background.聽Chicken Little was everywhere, threatening a recession that did not arrive. At one point the NASDAQ had gained nearly 29 percent, showing a strong economy that was thwarting Powell鈥檚 effort to break the back of inflation.

As the Fed appeared to be at or near the end of its cycle to tighten interest rates, economists were anticipating no more than one more increase of 25 basis points in short-term rates. The economy remained healthy.

With memories of bank failures fresh in its mind, due in part to the rapid increase in interest rates over the past 18 months, the Fed retained a cautious posture. In the meantime, Moody鈥檚 and Standard and Poor鈥檚 rating agencies put a number of regional banks on credit watch, sending a chill through the market. The economy began to cool. Consumer sentiment also cooled. Investors became suspicious about the Fed鈥檚 strategy to fight inflation. Wall Street thinking changed to believe that the Fed might possibly continue elevating聽rates to above 6 percent and not cut them. The market reacted negatively.

The bull case for the market right now is that fear of recession is overblown since the fundamentals don鈥檛 point to a recession. In August, the U.S. reported that jobs in July increased by 187,000. Unemployment dropped from 3.6 percent to 3.5 percent. These numbers are not indicative of a recession. Second-quarter earnings reports have been stronger than expected. Investment and innovation have been strong.

In the bear case, the latest jobs report indicates that government hiring is a large percentage of new hires, suggesting that there is weakness in the employment numbers just below the surface. Money appears to be flowing into cash from equity markets. New technology,聽although a ray of hope, may be years or decades from a significant boost to the markets.

August has typically been a 鈥渂reather month鈥� whenever the market has already been up more than 10 percent for the year. The S&P index is still up more than 16 percent so far this year.

The market reaction to the second-quarter earnings season suggests that buyers are becoming exhausted, Oppenheimer technical analyst Ari Wald says. Based on the average one-day price change, the market reaction to earnings reports has been negative in the current quarter versus positive in the prior quarter, suggesting that buyers are becoming exhausted. Other analysts support this thesis.

August and September are typically not good months for stocks, but investors should not overreact to short-term volatility.

William Rutherford is the founder and portfolio manager of Portland-based Rutherford Investment Management. Contact him at 888-755-6546 or [email protected]. Information herein is from sources believed to be reliable, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Investment involves risk and may result in losses.

The opinions, beliefs and viewpoints expressed in the preceding commentary are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions, beliefs and viewpoints of the Daily Journal of Commerce or its editors. Neither the author nor the 91视频 guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.